Clean Air with detoxifying Plants
Benzene, formaldehyde, trichloroethylene, ammonium chloride, pentachlorophenol (pcp), carbon monoxide, radiation from our appliances like computer monitors and television sets... air within our homes , classrooms, kindergartens, offices and factories is significantly more polluted than the air outside. All habitats with low ventilation and with an aim to reduce energy costs caused by air purifier devices are concerned. Awareness of this public health issue has much improved over the recent years. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ranks now indoor air pollution—which originates from many conventional building materials and chemicals commonly used indoor —as one of the top five threats to public health. An average American home has 100 to 200 different air contaminants.
International agencies such as WHO or Greenpeace have issued precise guidelines and warnings based on scientific findings that are worth reading and thinking over. [see our page : WHO and Greenpeace warnings ] The findings are alarming, especially considering that most of us spend our time dwelling in our homes and in office buildings.
" Since man's existence on Earth depends upon a life support system involving an intricate relationship with plants and their associated microorganisms, it should be obvious that when he attempts to isolate himself in tightly sealed buildings away from this ecological system, problems will arise. " says Wolverton a former NASA scientist in " Interior Landscape Plants for Indoor Pollution Abatement".
In the eighties the NASA researched techniques for cleansing the atmosphere in space stations to keep their habitat fit for travels over extended periods of time. Unexpected experiment results over two years in investigations supported by the NASA and the Associated Landscape contractors of America (ALCA) [see below : Scientific sources ] confirmed that certain tropical plants with low light requirements were able to use stunning mechanisms to remove harmful gases out of the air, thanks to their particular ability to photosynthesize in harder conditions. This removal is more efficient with time. We show below test results after only 24 hours of exposure. The results are just amazing. Certain plants clean air in habitats : this can be up to 90 % of the volatile pollutants.
Since then an increasing number of laboratories the world over have sustained that a wide range of volatile contaminants toxic to human health could be efficiently trapped and degraded with certain plants that have evolved in tropical forests. We show below a chart of the plants with the corresponding rates of degradation.
Further below on this page is an extended A to Z list of the plants that have been tested by various programmes following the first experiments cited above. Not only are these tropical and sub tropical plants able to tolerate low light, they are generally easy growers with low maintenance requirements. They are ideal for promoting green choices in our indoor setting.
It is demonstrated that one plant for every 10 square metres suffices to remove out of a room 70 - 90 % of the pollutants, provided that several species are mixed. The time of removal varies from a few hours to only a few days. [see below : Air Cleaning Plants in Scientific Literature]
< SOURCES of the AIRBORNE POLLUTANTS >
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Sources of airborne Benzene
--- Petroleum Products Synthetic Fibers Plastics Inks & Dyes Rubber Products Detergents Tobacco Smoke |
Sources of airborne Formaldehyde --- Foam Insulation Plywood or Particle
Board Paper Products Cleaners |
Sources of airborne Trichloroethylene --- Dry Cleaning Inks & Dyes Adhesives Varnishes Lacquers Paints |
Indoor pollution is not limited to the volatile compounds carbon monoxide, PCP, ammonium chloride , trichloroethylene, formaldehyde and benzene : we give a list of plants found by several studies to be detoxifiers of more harmful compounds >>> see below our A to Z list of plants |
Plant species that are most efficient at air decontamination - they are listed below - originate from tropical and sub-tropical forests, where they evolved receiving light filtered through the canopy : in order to survive they used a leaf composition allowing them to photosynthesize efficiently despite the reduced light. In this connection they could find ways to process gasses in the air efficiently.
< PLANTS that DECONTAMINATE VOLATILE POLLUTANTS THROUGH THE PROCESSES OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS >
Removal from a Sealed Experimental Chamber by Houseplants During a 24-h Exposure Period
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Plants breaking down Benzene
& -----------
Hedera helix
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Plants breaking down Formaldehyde & % of Formaldehyde decomposition ----------
Aloe barbadensis
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Plants breaking down Trichloroethylene & % of Trichloroethylene decomposition ------------
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Plants breaking down ammonium
chloride &
Rhododendron % n/a |
Plants breaking down
pentachlorophenol
Philodendron |
Plants breaking down carbon
monoxide &
Chlorophytum comosum |
A to Z list of laboratory tested plants
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A
Chlorophytum
spp
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E
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N
Sansevieria spp Schefflera spp Schlumbergera bridgesii Schlumbergera rhipsalidopsis Spathiphyllum spp. |
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- Air Cleaning Plants in Scientific Literature.
This link http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp provides technical reports written by Dr. B. C. Wolverton. Click on the "NASA Technical Report Server" link above. At the search window, type wolverton into the box to gain access to a number of reports (most are downloadable in PDF format).
BULTEAU G., 2004, Définition d'une méthodologie d'évaluation des procédés d'élimination des composés organiques volatils de l'air intérieur, Thèse de Doctorat en Sciences pour l'ingénieur, spécialité génie des procédés, soutenue le10/12/04, Université de Nantes, 228 p. CORNEJO J.J., MUNOZ F.G., MA C.Y. & STEWART A.J.,1999, “Studies on the decontamination of air by plants”,Ecotoxicology, 8, p.311-320. DINGLE P., TAPSELL P. & HU S., 2000, “Reducing formaldehyde exposure in office environments using plants”, Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,64, p.302-308. GIESE M., BAUER-DORANTH U., LANGEBARTELSC. & SANDERMANN H. Jr., 1994, “Detoxification of formaldehyde by the spider plant (Chlorophytum comosum L.) and by soybean (Glycine max L.) cell-suspension cultures”, Plant Physiology, 104, p.1301-1309. KORTE F., KXESITADZE G., UGREKHELIDZE D., GORDE ZIANI M., KHATISSASHVILI G., BUADZE O., ZAALISHVILI G.& COULSTON F., 2000, “Organictoxicants and plants (review)”, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,47, p.1-26. RZEPKA M.A.,CUNY D., BULTEAU G., LAKEL A., CAZIER F., VAN HALUWYN C., 2005, “Accumulation and effects of formaldehyde in plants perspective for an use for indoor air treatment ?”in: Third international conference on plants and nvironmental pollution; Lucknow, Inde, 28/11/05 - 2/12/05. SCHMITZ H., HILGERS U. & WEIDNER M., 200, “Assimilation and metabolism of formaldehyde by meaves appear unlikely to be a value for indoor air purification”, New Phytologist,147 (2), p.307-315. UGREKHELIDZE D., KORTE F.& KVESITADZE G., 1997, “Uptake and transformation of benzene and toluene by plant leaves”, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 37, p.24-29. WOLVERTON B., C. & WOLVERTON J., 1992, Interior plants and their role in indoor air quality : an overview, Wolverton Environmental Services. WOLVERTON B. C., MCDONALD R. C. & MESICK H. H., 1985, “Foliage plants for indoor removal of the primary combustion gases carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide” Journal of the Mississipi Academy of Sciences, 30, 1-8
Adenium, Adenium seeds, Aglaonema, Aquatic, Mangrove, Caudex, Aroids, Aspidistra, Calathea, Dieffenbachia,Euphorbia milii, Hoya not rooted cutting, Hoya rooted , Hoya XL, Layers, Medicinal, Pandanus, Philodendron, Plumeria seeds, Rhizomes & Bulbs, Terrarium, Sansevieria, Synsepalum dulcificum, on sale. Shipping costs combine items by weight and depend on your location : you are guaranteed to find cheaper shipping costs here than on other internet shopping platforms.
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